[세계] 만델라 효과

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Mandela


 만델라 효과는 진실하거나 실존했던 사건이 아님에도 불구하고 많은 사람들이 이에 대한 거짓된 기억을 공유하는 현상이다. 이는 대중 간의 소통 단절과 매체를 통한 왜곡된 정보 수용 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 오해와 착각을 일으키는 것으로 여겨진다.

만델라 효과는 개인이 근거 없는 사실을 말하는 '공화증' 또는 '작화'와는 구별된다. 또한, 사건을 해석하고 개인의 기억이 다르게 가공되는 '스키마 이론'이나 '프레임 이론'과도 차이가 있다.

이 용어는 남아프리카 공화국의 제8대 대통령 넬슨 만델라가 2000년대 초반에 많은 미국인들에 의해 이미 1980년대에 사망한 것으로 기억되었던 사건에서 유래했다. 2009년 만델라의 병석 소식이 전해지자 많은 이들이 그가 여전히 살아있다는 사실에 의아함을 느꼈다. 그는 1990년대에 석방되어 1993년 노벨 평화상을 수상하고, 남아프리카 공화국의 첫 흑인 대통령으로 재임하였다. 만델라는 2013년 12월 5일에 향년 95세로 세상을 떠났다.

'만델라 효과'라는 용어는 2010년 블로거 피오나 브룸이 드래곤콘에서 공론화한 것이며, 이후 그녀는 'The Mandela Effect'라는 웹블로그를 만들었다. 이 용어는 북미의 인터넷 커뮤니티에서 널리 퍼지게 되었고, 2012년 블로그 글 "Berenstein Bears: We Are Living in Our Own Parallel Universe"를 통해 더욱 주목받았다.

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