[KoreaCase] Sungnyemun Arson Incident
The Sungnyemun Arson Incident (崇禮門放火事件) took place from February 10 to February 11, 2008, when the Sungnyemun gate was completely destroyed by arson. The arsonist was identified as 69-year-old Chae Jong-ki from Chilgok, Gyeongbuk, who was arrested and convicted.
The fire broke out around 8:40 PM on February 10, 2008. Chae Jong-ki reportedly poured gasoline and ignited it with a lighter, which caused the fire to start on the second floor of Sungnyemun. The fire spread quickly, and despite efforts by 32 fire trucks and 128 firefighters to suppress the flames, the second floor collapsed at around 12:40 AM the next day. The fire spread to the first floor, and within five hours, the entire structure, except for the stone foundation, was destroyed. Approximately 90% of the second-floor gatehouse and 10% of the first-floor gatehouse were damaged.
During the fire suppression, the plaque hanging on the gate was removed by firefighters, but it was damaged during the process. The plaque, which was heavy, fell when the firefighters were unable to support its weight, causing cracks and some loss of fragments.
Initially, the fire was thought to have been caused by electrical malfunctions, but it was later revealed that there were no electrical facilities on the second floor and the first floor was intact. Witness testimonies suggested that a man in his 50s was seen entering the area carrying a shopping bag, shortly before the fire started, leading investigators to suspect arson.
Chae Jong-ki was apprehended on February 11, 2008, in Ganghwa County, Incheon. He admitted to the crime, stating that he had acted out of frustration over land compensation issues, which had also been the motive for his previous arson in 2006 at Changgyeonggung Palace. His confession was corroborated by evidence found at his home, including a ladder and a can of gasoline.
The fire caused extensive damage, and the restoration of the gate took years. The restoration process was estimated to take 2 to 3 years, with an estimated budget of 20 billion KRW. Fortunately, the technical drawings for the gate had been created in 2006, making the restoration possible, but challenges such as obtaining suitable wood for the reconstruction caused delays. The restoration was completed in April 2013, and the reconstructed Sungnyemun was opened to the public on May 4, 2013.
The incident sparked debates about responsibility, particularly regarding the management and security of the gate by the Seoul City government and the district office. Criticism arose over the lack of proper security and the low insurance coverage for the cultural asset. Furthermore, there were also delays in the fire suppression efforts, with fire departments not receiving critical information, such as architectural drawings, in a timely manner.
Ultimately, the Sungnyemun arson incident highlighted significant issues in cultural heritage protection and the need for stronger management and response systems.